![]() ![]() Readers should consult the individual entries for a full treatment of the various ways in which each of these four words is used. (For discussion about whether the United States is accurately described as a democracy or as a republic, see the article here.) MEANS OF PRODUCTION FREEDemocracy refers not to an economic system but to a system of government in which supreme power is vested in the people and exercised through a system of direct or indirect representation which is decided through periodic free elections. As an economic system, it can be contrasted with the economic system of communism, though as we have noted, the word communism is used of both political and economic systems. Capitalism refers to an economic system in which a society’s means of production are held by private individuals or organizations, not the government, and where products, prices, and the distribution of goods are determined mainly by competition in a free market. (The term is also often used in the phrase democratic socialism, which is discussed here.)Ĭommunism and socialism are both frequently contrasted with capitalism and democracy, though these can be false equivalencies depending on the usage. Socialism, meanwhile, is most often used in modern English to refer to a system of social organization in which private property and the distribution of income are subject to social control. The most well-known expression of Marx’s theories is the 20th-century Bolshevism of the U.S.S.R., in which the state, through a single authoritarian party, controlled a society’s economic and social activities with the goal of realizing Marx’s theories. The differences between communism and socialism are still debated, but generally English speakers use communism to talk about the political and economic ideologies that find their origin in Karl Marx’s theory of revolutionary socialism, which advocates a proletariat overthrow of capitalist structures within a society societal and communal ownership and governance of the means of production and the eventual establishment of a classless society. When it was first used in English prose in the mid-19th century, communism referred to an economic and political theory that advocated the elimination of private property and the common sharing of all resources among a group of people in this use, it was often used interchangeably with the word socialism by 19th-century writers. Part of the confusion stems from the fact that the word communism has been applied to varying political systems over time. They're frequently compared and contrasted, with communism sometimes equated with socialism, and democracy and capitalism frequently linked. 2022.Communism, Socialism, Capitalism, and DemocracyĬommunism, socialism, capitalism, and democracy are all among our top all-time lookups, and user comments suggest that this is because they are complex, abstract terms often used in opaque ways. “means of production.” Open Education Sociology Dictionary. MLA – Modern Language Association (7th edition) “means of production.” In Open Education Sociology Dictionary. MEANS OF PRODUCTION MANUALRetrieved from Ĭhicago/Turabian: Author-Date – Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition)īell, Kenton, ed. Bell (Ed.), Open education sociology dictionary. ![]() Retrieved Septem( ).ĪPA – American Psychological Association (6th edition) Cite the Definition of Means of ProductionĪSA – American Sociological Association (5th edition)īell, Kenton, ed. The Sociology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained. Thorpe, Christopher, Chris Yuill, Mitchell Hobbs, Sarah Tomley, and Marcus Weeks. Sociology: A Concise South African Introduction. ![]() The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.įerris, Kerry, and Jill Stein. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.įerrante, Joan. Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and their Applicability to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Morrow.īilton, Tony, Kevin Bonnett, Pip Jones, David Skinner, Michelle Stanworth, and Andrew Webster.
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